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Loneliness at Christmas: more common than it seems

A lit Christmas tree in an empty room, in a painting by Dora Wahlroos
Dora Wahlroos, Joulukuusi (Christmas Tree), 1930. Wikimedia Commons, public domain.

Christmas is usually associated with togetherness, family, and reunions. Yet for many people, this season makes loneliness, longing, and emotional distance more visible. Even when surrounded by others, we may feel that we are not truly connected.

In a representative US survey, 31% of adults said they had felt lonely during a holiday season at some point in the previous five years. This does not mean that all of them feel lonelier every Christmas, but it does show that the experience is far from rare.[1]

Loneliness at Christmas is not a personal failure, nor a sign that we are experiencing the season in the wrong way. It is a human experience that deserves understanding and care.

Being with people, but without connection

Loneliness does not depend solely on being physically alone. The World Health Organization defines it as the painful feeling that arises when there is a gap between the relationships we have and those we need or would like to have. Social isolation, by contrast, refers to an objective lack of contacts and relationships.[2]

We can therefore be in a full room and still feel emotionally distant, misunderstood, or unable to name a certain emptiness. We can also spend time alone without distress: when chosen, solitude may offer space for rest and reflection. What matters is not only how many people are around us, but the quality and meaning of our relationships.[3]

Loneliness may become more present when:

  • there is little affinity or safety in gatherings;
  • there are silent tensions in gatherings;
  • we are emotionally exhausted;
  • we feel that we do not "fit in" with the festive spirit.

When it seems that everyone is having a "perfect" Christmas, it becomes harder to recognise that other people may be feeling something similar.

The longing that Christmas awakens

This time of year also rekindles important memories and bonds. For those who have lost someone, gone through a divorce, or live far from significant people and familiar places, Christmas can make what — and who — is no longer there more visible. Sadness, nostalgia, melancholy, or the sense of an "empty chair" may emerge.[4]

Longing is not the same as loneliness. It may arise from the absence of close people, intimacy, familiar places, or a time in the past. Many people experience it as a mixture of sadness and affection: it can hurt while also preserving a sense of connection. This does not mean weakness, nor is it in itself a psychological problem — it is a natural expression of emotional attachment.[7]

Why can Christmas make loneliness more present?

Christmas does not affect everyone in the same way. Even so, some features of the season can accentuate absences, unmet needs for connection, or painful memories:[3][4]

1. Pressure to be happy
Christmas is often presented as an obligatorily joyful time. When that does not happen, a sense of "I am the only one" sets in.

2. Social comparison
Social media and advertising reinforce perfect images that rarely correspond to reality. Social media does not automatically cause loneliness, but passive use centred on comparison may deepen a sense of distance.

3. Emotional memory
Festive dates revive memories, especially of significant people who are no longer present.

4. Different rhythms
The pause in routine leaves more room for reflection — and that is not always easy.

5. Family expectations
Not all families are close or emotionally safe. For some people, gatherings can be demanding, and limiting or declining a difficult encounter may be a legitimate form of self-care rather than a failure.[8]

What can help when loneliness is overwhelming?

Christmas loneliness is real and valid. There is no single solution, but some strategies may create room for comfort or connection. Research on loneliness interventions generally finds small to moderate benefits and shows that increasing contact is not enough when emotional quality is missing.[5]

1. Validate what you feel
Acknowledging what you feel, without criticism or comparison, may prevent guilt from being added to loneliness itself.

2. Protect basic routines
Small gestures can help us move through emotionally demanding days:

  • go for a walk;
  • listen to calm music;
  • enjoy some reading;
  • take a warm bath;
  • prepare a simple meal.

These small gestures may offer some comfort and help you look after yourself on a difficult day. On their own, they do not replace the relationships you miss.

3. Seek meaningful connections
A phone call, a message, or a coffee can be a starting point. Rather than accumulating contacts, it is worth looking for someone with whom you can speak with some openness and safety. This may be a relative, a friend, or someone else who holds an important place in your life; belonging does not depend on a single model of family.[9]

4. Participate in something purposeful
Volunteering or small acts of help can create opportunities for contact and purpose. They should, however, be a choice rather than another Christmas obligation.

5. Create new rituals
It is not obligatory to maintain traditions that no longer make sense. Travelling, spending the day outdoors, watching films or simply resting can also be valid ways to celebrate.

6. Welcome the longing
For those who have lost someone, small symbolic rituals — lighting a candle, looking at photographs, or writing a letter — may bring comfort and preserve an emotional bond. Not every ritual helps everyone; what matters is respecting what feels meaningful at that moment.[6]

If you know someone who may be alone, a simple invitation without pressure can make a difference. Being available to listen is usually more helpful than trying to persuade the person to "cheer up".[3]

When to seek help?

It may be important to speak with a psychologist when sadness or loneliness persist, become difficult to bear, or begin to affect sleep, appetite, relationships, work, or interest in usual activities. You do not need to wait for a crisis before asking for help.[3]

In a crisis in Portugal, you can contact the Psychological Counselling Service of the SNS24 line on 808 24 24 24. If there is immediate danger or an emergency, call 112.[4]

References

  1. Kerman, S. (2017). The holiday season: Joy, love & loneliness. AARP Research. https://doi.org/10.26419/res.00184.001
  2. World Health Organization. (2025). From loneliness to social connection: Charting a path to healthier societies.
  3. Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses. (n.d.). Vamos falar sobre solidão [Let's talk about loneliness].
  4. Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses. (n.d.). Natal & saúde psicológica [Christmas and psychological health].
  5. Lasgaard, M., et al. (2026). Are loneliness interventions effective for reducing loneliness? A meta-analytic review of 280 studies. American Psychologist, 81(1), 36–52.
  6. Hewson, H., Galbraith, N., Jones, C., & Heath, G. (2024). The impact of continuing bonds following bereavement: A systematic review. Death Studies, 48(10), 1001–1014.
  7. Neto, F., & Mullet, E. (2020). Development of a prototype-based scale for assessing saudade. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 40(2), 93–110.
  8. Lindert, J., Arndt, S., Cook, N., Bain, P. A., & Kawachi, I. (2025). Positive and negative family relationships correlate with mental health conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Reviews, 46, 1607381.
  9. Pezirkianidis, C., Galanaki, E., Raftopoulou, G., Moraitou, D., & Stalikas, A. (2023). Adult friendship and wellbeing: A systematic review with practical implications. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1059057.

Revised on 26 September 2026.

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Wilson Ferreira Santos is a psychologist registered with the Portuguese Psychologists Association, professional licence no. 25219.

These texts sit alongside a clinical practice centred on a careful and humane reading of psychological experience.

When loneliness grows stronger at a time meant for closeness

If Christmas or other dates make absence, longing or isolation more visible, it may be important to give that experience room without treating it as weakness.