Home
Psicologia
About FAQ Blog Contact Bookings
Back to notes and articles

Article

How to identify and deal with a toxic relationship

Como identificar e lidar com uma relação tóxica

Relationships play a fundamental role in our lives, directly influencing our well-being and happiness. However, not all relationships are healthy, and sometimes, without realising it, we can find ourselves trapped in toxic relationships that affect our mental, emotional, and sometimes even physical health.

Identifying a toxic relationship is not always easy. All relationships naturally go through ups and downs, and even in healthy relationships there are disagreements and arguments. But while in a positive relationship it is possible to reach agreements that satisfy both parties, promoting mutual respect and shared growth, this does not happen in toxic relationships.

In a toxic relationship, the negative moments tend to outweigh the positive ones. There is often a pattern of psychological violence and manipulation, which leads the victim to doubt their own judgements, perceptions and emotions. This type of relationship can happen to anyone, regardless of gender, age or context, and is often sustained by controlling behaviours, lack of empathy, or narcissistic or even psychopathic personality traits.

9 Signs of a Toxic Relationship

But how do you know if you are in a toxic relationship? Below are 9 traits that can help identify one:

  1. 1. Isolation
    The couple spends all their time together and the toxic partner tries to distance the other from family and friends, promoting emotional dependency and limiting outside support.
  2. 2. Control
    There is an attempt to restrict the other's freedom through constant surveillance — checking their phone, emails, or wanting to know their every move — and imposing behaviours, decisions and even friendships.
  3. 3. Violence and intimidation
    Conflicts are constant and intense. Even if they do not involve physical aggression, there is verbal and emotional violence, with shouting, insults or threats, creating an atmosphere of fear or tension.
  4. 4. Emotional manipulation
    One of the parties tries to mould the other to their ideal, refuses genuine compromise and uses strategies such as gaslighting — distorting events to make the other doubt their own memory or perception.
  5. 5. Jealousy and dishonesty
    There are unfounded accusations of infidelity or constant suspicion, accompanied by possessive behaviour. Often, those who accuse are also those who conceal or lie.
  6. 6. Constant criticism and devaluation
    The partner is always criticising or putting the other down — whether in private or in public — undermining any attempt at growth, autonomy or self-esteem.
  7. 7. Lack of empathy and support
    When one partner is feeling low, the other shows indifference, minimises their feelings or reacts with impatience, instead of being a source of emotional support.
  8. 8. Unbalanced blame
    All problems are placed on the shoulders of one person. The toxic partner never acknowledges their own mistakes and holds the other responsible for everything that goes wrong.
  9. 9. Submission and loss of identity
    To avoid conflict, one partner always gives in — even against their values or wishes — and ends up losing their sense of self, completely erasing themselves in the relationship.

3 Steps to Deal with a Toxic Relationship

Dealing with a toxic relationship or recovering from one can be a significant challenge. Here are three essential steps to help with this process:

  1. 1. Recognise the toxicity and set clear boundaries
    Identifying that you are in a toxic relationship is the first crucial step. Reflect on how you feel in the relationship and assess whether it is negatively affecting your mental and emotional health. Once the toxicity is recognised, it is essential to set firm boundaries to protect your well-being. This may involve communicating your needs assertively and deciding which behaviours you will not tolerate.
  2. 2. Seek professional support and strengthen your support network
    Seeking guidance from a psychologist can provide effective strategies for dealing with the situation and aid in emotional recovery. In addition, connecting with trusted friends and family offers a valuable support system, allowing you to share experiences and gain outside perspectives.
  3. 3. Prioritise self-care and reflect on lessons learned
    Dedicate time to taking care of yourself, engaging in activities that promote your physical and emotional well-being. Practices such as physical exercise, meditation or hobbies can be beneficial. In addition, reflect on the experience to understand the patterns that led to the toxic relationship, helping to avoid similar situations in the future.

Remember: leaving a toxic relationship and recovering from it is a process that requires time, courage and support. Value every step taken towards your well-being and do not hesitate to seek professional help whenever necessary.

Wilson Ferreira Santos is a psychologist registered with the Portuguese Psychologists Association, professional licence no. 25219.

These texts sit alongside a clinical practice centred on a careful and humane reading of psychological experience.

Looking for psychological support?

You can learn about how sessions work or send a message if you would like to clarify any question.