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5 ways to manage media anxiety

Vincent van Gogh painting of a woman reading a book
Image: Vincent van Gogh, Une liseuse de romans, 1888 / Wikimedia Commons, public domain.

Today, we are exposed to a constant stream of news about the state of the world. Wherever we turn, it can seem as if everything is going wrong, and that can feed a more pessimistic view of the world and a sense of anxiety.

Information overload

Beyond traditional news outlets, social media, short videos and notifications bring us news even when we are not looking for it. The flow has no clear beginning or end: one update leads to the next, and the same image may reappear across several channels, sometimes without context. We do not all respond in the same way. In Portugal, 37% of respondents in 2026 said they sometimes or often avoid the news.[1] Stepping away may be a way to regulate overload, although it can also leave some people less informed about matters that affect them.

News coverage and social media posts also tend to give prominence to what is new, conflictual or dramatic. In a large field study comparing different headlines for the same story, each additional negative word increased the likelihood of a click on average; different negative emotions did not all have the same effect.[2] This shows that negative language can capture attention, but it does not mean that all news is negative or that everyone has a simple, universal preference for "bad news".

Media anxiety is not a diagnosis

The expression media anxiety is used here to describe stress, worry or heightened alertness associated with news and media content. It is not a clinical diagnosis. Feeling fear or sadness in response to war, a disaster or a political crisis can be an understandable human reaction. The useful questions concern intensity, duration and impact: does following the news increase understanding and help you act, or does it keep you in a state of threat without adding clarity?

In a 2017 American Psychological Association survey conducted in the United States, 56% of adults said that following the news caused them stress.[3] An experiment also showed that watching a bulletin made up of negative news could briefly increase anxiety and sadness, as well as the tendency to imagine the worst about personal concerns.[4] This immediate effect does not, on its own, mean that watching the news causes an anxiety disorder.

Concerns about the place of media in everyday life are nothing new. In the 1920s, Cora May White of Minneapolis filed for divorce, saying that her husband paid more attention to the radio than to her.[5] The anecdote belongs to another era, but it reminds us that each new technology can occupy psychological and relational space. What is different today is continuous availability, personalisation and the ease with which images and alerts follow us throughout the day.

When staying informed becomes a cycle

Checking the news several times is not necessarily a problem. A more useful sign is the function the behaviour serves. Some people look for a specific fact and stop when they find it; others return repeatedly to ease uncertainty, but gain only brief relief and soon feel the need to check again. When absorption in the news interferes with sleep, concentration, work or relationships, researchers sometimes refer to problematic news consumption. Studies associate it with poorer psychological and physical well-being, but the concept is recent and is not a recognised diagnosis.[6]

Mood also influences what we look for. Research on web browsing suggests a two-way cycle: a more negative mood favours the selection of more negative material, and exposure to that material can in turn worsen mood.[7] In a daily study conducted during the pandemic in a specific sample of sexual and gender minority people, greater exposure to COVID-19 news was associated with poorer affect, with some evidence of bidirectional links between exposure and distress.[8] These findings do not show that any amount of news is harmful; they suggest that content, repetition, context and personal vulnerability matter.

Not all exposure carries the same weight

Reading a contextualised explanation is not psychologically equivalent to repeatedly watching graphic images, autoplaying videos or live coverage of a traumatic event. Research on terrorist attacks, war and collective violence links extensive exposure to graphic media images with more stress symptoms, particularly when exposure is repeated.[9] This does not mean people should ignore serious events, but they can remain informed without continually viewing the most disturbing images.

Psychological proximity matters too. A story may connect directly with a past experience, involve family members, threaten a community to which someone belongs or leave them with no meaningful way to act. At such times, limiting exposure is not indifference. It can be a way of preserving the ability to think, care for oneself and respond to what is actually within reach.

Managing stress

Staying informed still matters. The aim is not to build a bubble without bad news, but to choose a more deliberate relationship with it. If news consumption is interfering with well-being or relationships, a few simple changes may help.

5 ways to manage media anxiety:

  • Choose times and sources: select one or two credible sources and specific times to catch up instead of continually checking several channels. Turning off alerts that are not genuinely necessary helps make opening the news an intentional act again.
  • Ask what you are looking for: before refreshing once more, notice whether you need new information, guidance for action or simply relief from uncertainty. When there is nothing useful left to add, continued checking rarely provides the security being sought.
  • Limit repeated images: turn off autoplay, avoid replaying graphic videos and choose text or audio when images are particularly distressing. It is possible to understand the seriousness of an event without repeatedly watching its most violent moment.
  • Look for context and responses: combine immediate updates with slower analysis and reporting that examines possible responses without denying the problem. Research on constructive journalism finds relatively consistent effects on emotions, although evidence for other benefits is less clear.[10]
  • Recognise when you need support: return to routines, conversations, rest and activities away from screens. If the impact persists, affects sleep or daily functioning, or if the news reactivates a traumatic experience, support from a mental health professional may help.

Staying informed and protecting mental health are not incompatible aims. Information is most useful when it increases understanding or helps us choose an action; it becomes less useful when it merely prolongs a state of alarm.

Revised on 27 September 2026.

References

  1. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. (2026). Digital News Report 2026: Portugal.
  2. Robertson, C. E., Pröllochs, N., Schwarzenegger, K., et al. (2023). Negativity drives online news consumption. Nature Human Behaviour, 7, 812–822.
  3. American Psychological Association. (2017). Stress in America: The state of our nation.
  4. Johnston, W. M., & Davey, G. C. L. (1997). The psychological impact of negative TV news bulletins: The catastrophizing of personal worries. British Journal of Psychology, 88(1), 85–91.
  5. Greymouth Evening Star. (1924). Report on Cora May White's divorce petition.
  6. McLaughlin, B., Gotlieb, M. R., & Mills, D. J. (2025). Problematic news consumption and its relationship to mental and physical health: A replication study. Health Communication, 40(10), 2016–2024.
  7. Kelly, C. A., & Sharot, T. (2025). Web-browsing patterns reflect and shape mood and mental health. Nature Human Behaviour, 9, 133–146.
  8. Dyar, C., Crosby, S., Newcomb, M. E., Mustanski, B., & Kaysen, D. (2024). Doomscrolling: Prospective associations between daily COVID news exposure, internalizing symptoms, and substance use among sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 11(1), 139–152.
  9. Holman, E. A., Garfin, D. R., & Silver, R. C. (2024). It matters what you see: Graphic media images of war and terror may amplify distress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(29), e2318465121.
  10. McIntyre, K., & Lough, K. (2023). Evaluating the effects of solutions and constructive journalism: A systematic review of audience-focused research. Newspaper Research Journal, 44(3), 276–300.

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Wilson Ferreira Santos is a psychologist registered with the Portuguese Psychologists Association, professional licence no. 25219.

These texts sit alongside a clinical practice centred on a careful and humane reading of psychological experience.

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